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- Primary Assessment (39-43% of exam) > Airway Assessment 0%
- Primary Assessment (39-43% of exam) > Breathing Assessment 0%
- Primary Assessment (39-43% of exam) > Chief Complaint 0%
- Primary Assessment (39-43% of exam) > Circulation Assessment 0%
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- Primary Assessment (39-43% of exam) > Priority Determination 0%
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- Primary Assessment (39-43% of exam) > Scene Size-Up 0%
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Question 1 of 50
1. Question
1. You arrive at a single-vehicle collision. The driver is slumped over the steering wheel. What is the FIRST thing you should determine?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Scene safety first, always. Traffic, fire, wires, violence, hazards – check before you approach. Your safety is priority #1.
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Question 2 of 50
2. Question
2. A patient with a suspected cervical spine injury is unresponsive. How should you open the airway?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Trauma + unresponsive = Jaw thrust (not head-tilt). Protect the spine. NPA if gag reflex present, OPA if no gag reflex.
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Question 3 of 50
3. Question
3. A patient has absent breath sounds on the left side and decreased chest movement after a stabbing. What should you suspect?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Penetrating trauma + absent breath sounds on one side = pneumothorax. Watch for tension: tracheal deviation, JVD, hypotension. Emergency transport.
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Question 4 of 50
4. Question
4. A patient has an actively bleeding wound on the thigh. What is the appropriate intervention?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Bleeding control: Direct pressure first. If uncontrolled extremity bleeding, apply tourniquet 2-3 inches above wound. Pressure dressing for minor bleeding.
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Question 5 of 50
5. Question
5. A patient responds only by withdrawing from painful stimuli. What is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) motor response score?
CorrectIncorrectHint
GCS Motor: 6 = follows commands, 5 = localizes pain, 4 = withdraws from pain, 3 = flexion (decorticate), 2 = extension (decerebrate), 1 = none.
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Question 6 of 50
6. Question
6. Which patient has signs of compensated shock?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Compensated shock: Normal BP + tachycardia + poor perfusion signs (cool, pale, delayed cap refill). Body is fighting to maintain BP. Act before they decompensate.
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Question 7 of 50
7. Question
7. A patient appears anxious, is sweating, and has difficulty breathing. What is your immediate concern?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Anxiety + diaphoresis + breathing difficulty = serious. Check ABCs, SpO2, blood glucose. The “anxiety” may be air hunger.
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Question 8 of 50
8. Question
8. A patient has audible wheezing. What does this indicate?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Wheezing = lower airway narrowing = asthma, COPD, anaphylaxis, bronchitis. Bronchodilators (albuterol) help. Listen for silent chest = severe obstruction.
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Question 9 of 50
9. Question
9. A patient has a regular heart rate of 52 beats per minute. What is this called?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Adult HR < 60 = bradycardia. Causes: athlete, medications, hypoxia, heart block, head injury (Cushing's), increased ICP. Assess for symptoms.
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Question 10 of 50
10. Question
10. A trauma patient has a GCS of 8. What is the appropriate transport decision?
CorrectIncorrectHint
GCS ≤ 8 = severe head injury = trauma center. Secure airway (often intubation needed), protect spine, rapid transport. Time = brain tissue.
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Question 11 of 50
11. Question
11. A patient reports sudden onset of difficulty breathing and sharp chest pain that worsens with breathing. What should you suspect?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Sudden dyspnea + pleuritic chest pain = think PE. Risk factors: DVT, recent surgery, immobility, cancer. High-flow oxygen, rapid transport.
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Question 12 of 50
12. Question
12. What is the primary purpose of an oropharyngeal airway (OPA)?
CorrectIncorrectHint
OPA = keeps tongue off posterior pharynx. Only for patients with no gag reflex. Measure: corner of mouth to earlobe. Wrong size = ineffective or harmful.
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Question 13 of 50
13. Question
13. A patient has a respiratory rate of 32 and is using accessory muscles. What does this indicate?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Respiratory distress: Tachypnea, accessory muscles, tripoding, can’t speak full sentences. Watch for fatigue = respiratory failure. Intervene before they tire out.
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Question 14 of 50
14. Question
14. A patient has a blood pressure of 100/70 with a heart rate of 130. What do these findings suggest?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Tachycardia + low-normal BP = suspicious for shock. Body compensating. Look for other signs: skin changes, mental status, cause of shock. Treat cause.
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Question 15 of 50
15. Question
15. A patient opens her eyes to pain, uses inappropriate words, and withdraws from pain. What is her GCS?
CorrectIncorrectHint
GCS: Eyes (1-4), Verbal (1-5), Motor (1-6). E2V3M4 = 9. Score ≤ 8 = severe. 9-12 = moderate. 13-15 = mild.
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Question 16 of 50
16. Question
16. A patient has cyanosis of the lips and nail beds. What does this indicate?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Central cyanosis (lips, tongue) = severe hypoxia = emergency. Provide oxygen, assist ventilation if needed. Don’t wait for SpO2 to act.
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Question 17 of 50
17. Question
17. What is the correct sequence for the primary assessment?
CorrectIncorrectHint
ABCDE: Airway → Breathing → Circulation → Disability → Exposure. Fix problems as you find them. Don’t move on until the current step is stable.
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Question 18 of 50
18. Question
18. You respond to a possible overdose. The patient is found with a needle nearby. What should you do FIRST?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Needles on scene? Watch your step. Use PPE, don’t reach blindly. Sharps containers, needle sticks are serious. Scene safety always first.
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Question 19 of 50
19. Question
19. During CPR, you feel a carotid pulse return but the patient is still not breathing adequately. What should you do?
CorrectIncorrectHint
ROSC (Return of Spontaneous Circulation) but no breathing? BVM rescue breathing. Adult: 10-12/min. Monitor for return of spontaneous breathing.
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Question 20 of 50
20. Question
20. A patient with an isolated wrist fracture wants to refuse transport. He is alert, oriented, and understands the risks. What should you do?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Competent adult + non-emergent condition + informed refusal = let them refuse. Document capacity, risks explained, understanding, signature. Medical direction call if concerned.
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Question 21 of 50
21. Question
21. An unresponsive patient has a gag reflex. Which airway adjunct should be used?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Gag reflex present? Use NPA, not OPA. OPA causes vomiting in patients who can gag. NPA is better tolerated and safer.
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Question 22 of 50
22. Question
22. A patient has paradoxical chest wall movement after trauma. What does this indicate?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Flail chest = ≥2 ribs broken in ≥2 places = free-floating segment = paradoxical movement. Serious injury. May need positive pressure ventilation.
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Question 23 of 50
23. Question
23. A patient has jugular venous distension (JVD) and muffled heart sounds after blunt chest trauma. What should you suspect?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Beck’s Triad: JVD + muffled heart sounds + hypotension = cardiac tamponade. Blunt chest trauma mechanism. Pericardial blood compresses heart. Emergency!
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Question 24 of 50
24. Question
24. A patient has a GCS of 3. What does this indicate?
CorrectIncorrectHint
GCS 3 = Eyes 1 (none) + Verbal 1 (none) + Motor 1 (none) = completely unresponsive. GCS ≤ 8 = severe. Airway protection critical.
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Question 25 of 50
25. Question
25. You have limited resources and must choose between two patients. Patient A has an open femur fracture with controlled bleeding. Patient B is unresponsive with labored breathing. Who is the priority?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Priority order: Airway problems → Breathing problems → Circulation problems → Other injuries. Femur fracture doesn’t kill like airway obstruction.
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Question 26 of 50
26. Question
26. A patient describes substernal chest pain that radiates to the jaw and left arm, associated with nausea and diaphoresis. What should you suspect?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Chest pain + radiation to jaw/arm + nausea + diaphoresis = ACS until proven otherwise. Aspirin, oxygen, nitro (if BP allows), 12-lead, rapid transport.
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Question 27 of 50
27. Question
27. At a motor vehicle collision, you see downed power lines on the vehicle. What should you do?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Downed power lines: Stay 35+ feet away, assume lines are live, call utility company, don’t touch vehicle or ground near lines. Wait for professionals.
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Question 28 of 50
28. Question
28. What is the normal respiratory rate range for an adult?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Adult RR: Normal = 12-20. 20 = tachypnea (distress). 30 = consider ventilation assistance.
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Question 29 of 50
29. Question
29. What is the normal blood pressure range for an adult?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Normal adult BP: Systolic 90-120, Diastolic 60-80. 120 systolic or > 80 diastolic = elevated/hypertension.
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Question 30 of 50
30. Question
30. A pediatric patient with difficulty breathing and stridor should be transported to which facility?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Pediatric stridor = partial upper airway obstruction. Croup, epiglottitis, foreign body. Pediatric-capable facility. Don’t agitate. Prepare for airway emergency.
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Question 31 of 50
31. Question
31. A patient with chest trauma has unequal chest expansion. What should you suspect?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Trauma + unequal chest expansion = pneumothorax or hemothorax. Check breath sounds: absent = pneumo, diminished = hemothorax. Monitor for tension.
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Question 32 of 50
32. Question
32. A patient is confused and cannot follow commands but responds to pain by localizing the stimulus. What is the motor component of GCS?
CorrectIncorrectHint
GCS Motor: 6=obeys commands, 5=localizes pain (purposeful), 4=withdraws, 3=flexion, 2=extension, 1=none. Localization = purposeful movement to stimulus.
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Question 33 of 50
33. Question
33. An unresponsive patient has blood in the oropharynx. What should you do?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Blood/fluid in airway = SUCTION. Clear the airway first. Then position, adjuncts, oxygen. Blood can obstruct airway quickly.
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Question 34 of 50
34. Question
34. A patient has unequal pupils (anisocoria). When is this concerning?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Unequal pupils: Normal variant if chronic and patient knows. Emergency if NEW + altered mental status = increased ICP, herniation. Check if patient knows about it.
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Question 35 of 50
35. Question
35. A patient reports sudden onset of severe tearing back pain radiating to the abdomen. What should you suspect?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Sudden tearing back/abdominal pain = AAA rupture until proven otherwise. Shock, pulsatile mass, history of HTM. Emergent surgery. High mortality.
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Question 36 of 50
36. Question
36. A patient appears to be in severe distress, is pale and diaphoretic, and is clutching the abdomen. What is your immediate action?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Severe distress + shock signs = ABCs first. What’s killing them? Airway? Breathing? Bleeding? Fix life threats, then investigate cause.
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Question 37 of 50
37. Question
37. How long should you check for a pulse in an unresponsive patient before starting CPR?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Pulse check = max 10 seconds. No pulse in 10 seconds = start CPR. Don’t delay. Compressions are the most important part of CPR.
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Question 38 of 50
38. Question
38. What is the purpose of determining the mechanism of injury (MOI)?
CorrectIncorrectHint
MOI = what happened and how bad. Fall from height = spine, pelvis, calcaneus. Steering wheel deformity = chest, cardiac. Use MOI to guide what you look for.
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Question 39 of 50
39. Question
39. A trauma patient meets criteria for transport to a trauma center but wants to go to a closer non-trauma hospital. What should you do?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Trauma center criteria = strong recommendation for trauma center. Explain why, document if patient refuses. Patient autonomy, but informed decision. Medical direction involvement if needed.
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Question 40 of 50
40. Question
40. A patient with facial burns has soot around the mouth and singed nasal hairs. What should you suspect?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Soot in mouth/nose, singed hairs, facial burns = inhalation injury until proven otherwise. Airway can swell rapidly. Early intervention, rapid transport. Prepare for difficult airway.
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Question 41 of 50
41. Question
41. What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for adult CPR when two rescuers are present?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Adult CPR: 30 compressions, 2 breaths (30:2). Rate: 100-120/min. Depth: at least 2 inches. Minimize interruptions. Pediatric two-rescuer: 15:2.
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Question 42 of 50
42. Question
42. A trauma patient has a seat belt sign across the abdomen. What injuries should you anticipate?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Seat belt sign = significant force = think internal injuries. Hollow organ perforation, solid organ injury, vascular injury. Monitor for shock, abdominal pain, distension.
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Question 43 of 50
43. Question
43. A patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 11. What category of head injury does this represent?
CorrectIncorrectHint
GCS categories: Mild = 13-15, Moderate = 9-12, Severe = 3-8. Severe (≤8) often requires airway protection.
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Question 44 of 50
44. Question
44. Which finding is MOST concerning for imminent respiratory failure?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Respiratory distress → fatigue → failure. Watch for: decreasing RR, decreasing effort, decreasing consciousness. The tired patient is crashing. BVM before they stop breathing.
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Question 45 of 50
45. Question
45. You respond to a call for an “unresponsive person” in a public park. You find a person lying on a bench. What should you do FIRST?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Unresponsive person in public? Scene safety first. Drugs? Violence? Hazards? Look around before you approach. Check for safety, then check for response.
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Question 46 of 50
46. Question
46. A patient with diabetes is confused and has a blood glucose of 35 mg/dL. What is the immediate treatment?
CorrectIncorrectHint
BG < 70 + symptoms = hypoglycemia. Can swallow? Oral glucose. Can't swallow? Position, protect airway, rapid transport. Don't give oral anything to unconscious patients.
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Question 47 of 50
47. Question
47. During the general impression, you should assess all of the following EXCEPT:
CorrectIncorrectHint
General impression = quick visual scan. Appearance (sick vs not sick), Work of breathing (distress signs), Circulation (color). Takes seconds. Then primary assessment.
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Question 48 of 50
48. Question
48. An unresponsive patient has vomited. After suctioning, what should you do?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Vomiting unresponsive patient: Suction → recovery position (unless trauma/spinal concern). If spinal, log-roll and suction as needed. Prevent aspiration.
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Question 49 of 50
49. Question
49. A pregnant patient at 36 weeks gestation is involved in a motor vehicle collision. What additional assessment is important?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Pregnant trauma: Assess fetal movement, vaginal bleeding, contractions. Left lateral position (supine hypotension). Placental abruption risk. High index of suspicion.
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Question 50 of 50
50. Question
50. A patient has absent breath sounds bilaterally. What could this indicate?
CorrectIncorrectHint
Absent breath sounds = air not moving. Check: Is the patient breathing? Is there chest trauma? Are you listening correctly? Immediate intervention needed.
Welcome to Part 8 of our Primary Assessment series! This quiz focuses on advanced patient assessment skills, ensuring you’re ready to handle real-world scenarios with confidence. As Part 8 of 9, it builds on foundational knowledge while diving deeper into critical decision-making.
Key topics tested:
– Rapid assessment of trauma patients
– Identifying life-threatening conditions
– Proper documentation of findings
– Communication during patient handoffs
Study tip: Focus on memorizing the ABCDE approach and practice prioritizing interventions under pressure. Consistent review of these steps will help you react quickly in high-stress situations.
You’ve made it this far—keep pushing forward! Every practice test brings you one step closer to NREMT success. Stay focused, trust your training, and ace this quiz! 🚑
📚 More Primary Assessment Practice:
- Free EMT Primary Assessment Practice Test (Comprehensive Guide)
- Free EMT Primary Assessment Practice Test – Part 2
- Free EMT Primary Assessment Practice Test – Part 3
- Free EMT Primary Assessment Practice Test – Part 4
- Free EMT Primary Assessment Practice Test – Part 5
- Free EMT Primary Assessment Practice Test – Part 6
- Free EMT Primary Assessment Practice Test – Part 7
- Free EMT Primary Assessment Practice Test – Part 9
🎯 Take the Full Exam: Free EMT Practice Test (Updated 2026)