1. Which piece of personal protective equipment (PPE) is required for ALL patient contact, regardless of the chief complaint or suspected condition?

2. An EMT arrives on scene and identifies multiple patients with various injuries from a bus collision. Which resource should be requested immediately?

3. An EMT responds to a patient with a productive cough and fever who recently traveled internationally. The patient mentions family members have similar symptoms. Which PPE combination is MOST appropriate?

4. While treating a trauma patient with a deep laceration to the thigh, the EMT notices arterial bleeding that is spurting with each heartbeat. Which PPE should the EMT don before applying direct pressure?

5. You are dispatched to a motor vehicle collision involving a car that struck a utility pole. The driver is unconscious, and the vehicle has a downed power line across the hood. What is your FIRST action?

6. You arrive at a residence for a patient with difficulty breathing. The patient is alert but struggling to speak in full sentences, has audible wheezing, and is using accessory muscles. Oxygen saturation is 88% on room air. Which resource should you request while preparing for transport?

7. An EMT is called to care for a patient with severe vomiting and diarrhea. The patient estimates they have vomited at least five times in the past hour. Which PPE selection is MOST appropriate?

8. You respond to a factory where a worker has been splashed with an unknown chemical. The patient is conscious and alert, complaining of burning eyes and skin pain. A safety data sheet is not immediately available, but coworkers mention the chemical is in a drum labeled “Industrial Solvent.” What is your FIRST priority regarding PPE and scene safety?

9. You are first on scene at a single-vehicle collision. The car has struck a tree, and the driver is slumped over the steering wheel, unresponsive. You note significant front-end damage, deployed airbags, and the patient’s legs appear trapped under the dashboard. Bystanders state the driver was moving immediately after the crash but stopped responding. You hear a hissing sound from the engine compartment and see steam rising. Analyze the situation and determine the MOST appropriate resource request.

10. You respond to a homeless shelter for a patient with a chronic cough who reports night sweats and unintentional weight loss over the past month. He has never been tested for tuberculosis. Several other shelter residents are nearby, and one staff member is trying to help the patient stand. The scene is indoors with limited ventilation. Analyze the situation and identify the MOST appropriate immediate action.

11. Which of the following mechanisms of injury is considered a high-energy impact that requires a comprehensive trauma assessment?

12. What is the FIRST action an EMT should take when arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle collision?

13. A 34-year-old male was the unrestrained driver in a head-on collision. The vehicle has significant front-end deformity, the steering wheel is bent, and the windshield is starred. What does this mechanism suggest about potential injuries?

14. You respond to an industrial park for a reported “person down.” As you approach, you notice an overturned tanker truck with a visible placard displaying the number 3077. Several workers are lying motionless on the ground nearby. What should be your immediate action?

15. A 22-year-old female fell from a third-story apartment window. Witnesses report she landed on her back on concrete. She is conscious and complaining of severe back pain. Based on the mechanism, which assessment approach is most appropriate?

16. You arrive at a private residence for a “difficulty breathing” call. As you approach the front door, you hear loud shouting inside and what sounds like glass breaking. A woman runs out the front door crying and yells, “He has a gun!” What is your most appropriate action?

17. A pedestrian was struck by a vehicle traveling approximately 40 mph. The patient was thrown approximately 30 feet and is currently unconscious. Which mechanism factors most strongly indicate the need for spinal immobilization and comprehensive trauma assessment?

18. During a nighttime response to a single-vehicle crash on a rural highway, you notice downed power lines across the roadway near the collision. There is one patient visible inside the vehicle. What is the appropriate response?

19. You are dispatched to a two-vehicle collision. Upon arrival, you observe the following: Vehicle 1 has moderate front-end damage with the driver’s airbag deployed; the driver is ambulatory at the scene with a complaint of mild chest pain. Vehicle 2 has rolled over and is resting on its roof; the driver was partially ejected and is unconscious with obvious facial trauma. Both patients are the same age with no significant medical history. How should you prioritize your assessment approach for these two patients?

20. You respond to an apartment complex for a reported cardiac arrest. As you enter the building with your equipment, you notice a strong odor of bitter almonds and see two other residents lying motionless in the hallway. Your partner is already at the patient’s apartment door. Analyze this situation and determine the most appropriate course of action.

21. Which piece of personal protective equipment (PPE) should be donned FIRST when preparing for patient contact with potential bloodborne pathogen exposure?

22. Upon arrival at a scene where a violent assault has just occurred, what is the EMT’s FIRST priority?

23. An EMT responds to a patient with a productive cough and fever. The patient mentions recent international travel. Which PPE combination is MOST appropriate for initial contact?

24. Your ambulance is dispatched to a residence for an “unconscious person.” Upon arrival, you notice through the window an unconscious male on the couch, an open pill bottle on the table, and a small child crying in the corner. What is the MOST appropriate initial action?

25. You are dispatched to a known drug house for a reported overdose. As you approach the front door, you notice several used syringes on the porch and a strong chemical odor. The patient’s friend is waving you inside urgently. What should you do?

26. After treating a patient with active tuberculosis, an EMT must remove their PPE. Which action demonstrates proper doffing technique?

27. Dispatch reports a “possible heart attack” at a local bar. Upon arrival, you observe a chaotic scene with patrons arguing, broken glass on the floor, and your patient lying near the entrance with bystanders standing around. What is your BEST course of action?

28. You respond to an industrial warehouse for a reported “worker down.” Upon arrival, the facility manager informs you a forklift operator became unresponsive near the loading dock. You observe an overturned forklift with visible damage to a chemical storage cabinet, and a yellow liquid pooling on the floor. The manager says the worker is in the middle of the spill area. What is the MOST appropriate action?

29. You are first on scene of a two-vehicle collision on a rural highway. Vehicle A is a sedan with an unconscious driver, no passenger, moderate front-end damage, and steam rising from the hood. Vehicle B is a pickup truck with a conscious driver who is walking around, a passenger who appears motionless in the front seat, and visible damage to the passenger side door. A strong smell of gasoline is present. Traffic is passing on the opposite lane. Analyze the scene and determine your INITIAL priorities.

30. At 0200 hours, you respond to a residence for a “difficulty breathing” call. Upon arrival, the front door is open, lights are on, and you hear arguing inside. A male voice yells “She’s faking it!” and a female voice responds with labored breathing sounds. You see through the window a male standing over a female who is sitting on the couch. The male does not appear to have any weapons visible. Analyze the scene and determine the appropriate response.

31. What does the acronym MOI stand for in the context of scene size-up?

32. You respond to a single-vehicle collision where the car struck a utility pole at approximately 35 mph. The driver, a 45-year-old male, was wearing a seatbelt and the airbag deployed. There is significant front-end damage and the windshield is starred but not penetrated. Based on this MOI, which potential injuries should you have a heightened index of suspicion for?

33. Which of the following is the most appropriate reason for an EMT to request ALS (Advanced Life Support) backup during scene size-up?

34. You are dispatched to a reported stabbing at a convenience store parking lot. Upon arrival, you observe a 22-year-old male with a single stab wound to the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. The patient is conscious and the wound is approximately 2 inches long. Based on this MOI, which statement best describes your assessment priorities?

35. You arrive at a two-vehicle collision on a rural highway. After initial scene size-up, you identify four patients: one critical (unresponsive, severe bleeding), two moderate (ambulatory with apparent fractures), and one minor (refusing care, minor scrapes). There are only two EMTs in your ambulance. What is your most appropriate resource utilization decision?

36. You respond to a multi-vehicle collision on an interstate highway involving a passenger car, a semi-truck, and a motorcycle. Scene size-up reveals: the passenger car rear-ended the semi-truck at highway speed, the motorcyclist was ejected and struck the guardrail, and there is a fuel leak from the semi-truck with no fire currently. The semi-truck driver is walking and talking, the car driver is unresponsive in the vehicle, and the motorcyclist is approximately 30 feet from the motorcycle, not moving. Traffic is backed up in both directions. Which of the following represents the most appropriate sequence of actions?

37. You respond to a residential structure fire where firefighters are actively working to extinguish flames. Command reports that one occupant was rescued from a second-floor bedroom. The patient is a 58-year-old female with singed nasal hairs, carbonaceous sputum, and facial burns. She is coughing and reports hoarseness. Which resource should you request immediately in addition to routine ALS transport?

38. You are staging near a reported explosion at an industrial warehouse. Fire department advises the scene is now safe to enter. Upon approach, you observe structural damage to the building, multiple patients in the parking lot, and one patient partially buried under debris. An approximately 30-year-old male patient was standing approximately 15 feet from the blast origin. He is conscious but confused, with bilateral tympanic membrane rupture, bilateral leg pain, and apparent chest wall bruising. He is unable to stand. Based on this MOI analysis, which injury pattern should you be MOST concerned about that is NOT immediately visible?

39. A 6-year-old child was pulled from a bathtub after being found unresponsive underwater for an unknown duration. The child is now breathing spontaneously but coughing and has water in the airway. Which term best describes this MOI?

40. During a scene size-up, you determine that you need to request additional resources. Which of the following best describes the principle of “call early, not late” in resource utilization?

41. Which of the following correctly describes the primary purpose of Standard Precautions in EMS?

42. You respond to a call for a “man down” at a public park. As you approach, you see a middle-aged male lying on the grass near a park bench. Several bystanders are watching but keeping their distance. You notice a small crowd of people pointing and looking nervous. What is your FIRST action before approaching the patient?

43. You are called to treat a 35-year-old male with significant facial trauma from an assault. There is active bleeding from his nose and mouth, and he is spitting blood. Which combination of PPE is most appropriate for this encounter?

44. You respond to a call for a diabetic emergency at an address known to your service for drug activity. As you exit the ambulance, you observe several individuals in the driveway who appear agitated and are speaking loudly among themselves. One person shouts at you to “hurry up and get inside!” while blocking the front door. What is your most appropriate response?

45. You are treating an unresponsive patient in respiratory distress. During airway management, you notice the patient has oral candidiasis (white patches in the mouth) and appears cachectic. What is your most appropriate action regarding PPE?

46. You respond to a two-story residential home for a “difficulty breathing” call. Upon arrival, a family member meets you at the door and says the patient is upstairs in the bedroom. You immediately notice a strong odor of natural gas. The family member insists, “It’s just a small leak, come in, she really needs you!” What is your most appropriate action?

47. You are dispatched to a “psychiatric emergency” at a private residence. Dispatch reports that the patient is a 28-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia who has been off his medications for two weeks. Family reports he has been “talking to people who aren’t there” and has been “acting paranoid.” While en route, dispatch updates that the patient has armed himself with a kitchen knife and has made threats to “anyone who comes near.” Police are staging nearby. What is your most appropriate response?

48. You are completing care for a patient with profuse vomiting when you notice a small tear in your glove on your dominant hand. Your hand appears dry underneath with no visible contamination. What is your most appropriate immediate action?

49. You respond to a motor vehicle collision on a rural two-lane road at night. Upon arrival, you observe a single vehicle that has struck a utility pole. The driver is slumped over the steering wheel. There is significant damage to the front of the vehicle, and a utility pole nearby shows damage with wires down in the road. A small fire has started in the engine compartment. A single police officer is on scene attempting to direct traffic with a flashlight. No fire department units have arrived. Which sequence of actions is most appropriate?

50. You respond to a reported overdose at a public library. Upon arrival, the librarian meets you at the door and states that a man in his 30s is “passed out” in the computer area. As you approach with your equipment, you observe the patient slumped in a chair with a needle and syringe visible in his lap. There is an open backpack on the floor next to him with what appears to be drug paraphernalia and small plastic bags. Two library patrons are standing nearby, appearing concerned. The patient is breathing but unresponsive to voice. What is your most appropriate initial action?